Periodic Table & Chemistry Reference
All 118 elements, plus the ion tables, solubility rules, formulas and redox potentials students need for the national examination.
118 elements
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តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments
ចុចលើធាតុណាមួយដើម្បីមើលព័ត៌មានលម្អិត។ ចុចលើពណ៌ខាងក្រោមដើម្បីច្រោះតាមក្រុម។ Tap any element for its details. Tap a colour below to filter the table by family. Touchez un élément pour voir ses détails. Touchez une couleur ci-dessous pour filtrer par famille.
ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម និងវ៉ាឡង់ Group Classifications and Valences Classifications des groupes et valences
ក្រុមមេ (A)Main groups (A)Groupes principaux (A)
- IA — លោហៈអាល់កាឡាំង, វ៉ាឡង់ 1Alkali metals, valence 1Métaux alcalins, valence 1
- IIA — លោហៈអាល់កាលីណូទែ, វ៉ាឡង់ 2Alkaline earth metals, valence 2Métaux alcalino-terreux, valence 2
- IIIA — វ៉ាឡង់ 3Valence 3Valence 3
- IVA — វ៉ាឡង់ 4Valence 4Valence 4
ក្រុមមេ (បន្ត)Main groups (continued)Groupes principaux (suite)
- VA — វ៉ាឡង់ 3Valence 3Valence 3
- VIA — វ៉ាឡង់ 2Valence 2Valence 2
- VIIA — អាឡូសែន, វ៉ាឡង់ 1Halogens, valence 1Halogènes, valence 1
- VIIIA — ឧស្ម័នកម្រ, វ៉ាឡង់ 0Noble gases, valence 0Gaz nobles, valence 0
លោហៈឆ្លងTransition metalsMétaux de transition
- IB–VIIIB — លោហៈឆ្លង មានវ៉ាឡង់ច្រើនTransition metals, variable valenceMétaux de transition, valence variable
- Fe: 2, 3 | Cu: 1, 2 | Cr: 2, 3, 6
- Mn: 2, 4, 6, 7 | Zn: 2 | Ag: 1
រ៉ាឌីកាល់ និងអ៊ីយ៉ុង Radicals & Ions Radicaux et ions
| អ៊ីយ៉ុងវិជ្ជមាន (Cations)Positive ions (cations)Ions positifs (cations) | អ៊ីយ៉ុងអវិជ្ជមាន (Anions)Negative ions (anions)Ions négatifs (anions) | រ៉ាឌីកាល់ផ្សេងៗOther radicalsAutres radicaux |
|---|---|---|
| H+ — ប្រូតុងProtonProton | OH− — អ៊ីដ្រុកស៊ីតHydroxideHydroxyde | S2O32− — ធីយ៉ូស៊ុលផាតThiosulfateThiosulfate |
| Li+ — លីចូមLithiumLithium | NO3− — នីត្រាតNitrateNitrate | S2O82− — ពែអុកសូឌីស៊ុលផាតPeroxodisulfatePeroxodisulfate |
| Na+ — សូដ្យូមSodiumSodium | CO32− — កាបូណាតCarbonateCarbonate | Cr2O72− — ឌីក្រូម៉ាតDichromateDichromate |
| K+ — ប៉ូតាស្យូមPotassiumPotassium | PO43− — ផូស្វាតPhosphatePhosphate | MnO4− — ពែម៉ង់កាណាតPermanganatePermanganate |
| NH4+ — អាម៉ូញ៉ូមAmmoniumAmmonium | SO42− — ស៊ុលផាតSulfateSulfate | O22− — ពែអុកស៊ីតPeroxidePeroxyde |
| Ca2+ — កាល់ស្យូមCalciumCalcium | SO32− — ស៊ុលភីតSulfiteSulfite | C22− — កាប្យួCarbide (acetylide)Carbure |
| Mg2+ — ម៉ាញេស្យូមMagnesiumMagnésium | F−, Cl−, Br−, I− — អាឡូសែនួHalidesHalogénures | S2− — ស៊ុលផួSulfideSulfure |
| Al3+ — អាលុយមីញ៉ូមAluminiumAluminium | HCO3− — អ៊ីដ្រូសែនកាបូណាតHydrogen carbonateHydrogénocarbonate | CH3COO− — អាសេតាតAcetateAcétate |
| Fe2+, Fe3+ — ហ្វែរIron(II), Iron(III)Fer(II), Fer(III) | NO2− — នីទ្រីតNitriteNitrite | CrO42− — ក្រូម៉ាតChromateChromate |
សមាសធាតុគីមី Chemical Compounds Composés chimiques
| Cation \ Anion | F− | Cl− | OH− | NO3− | SO42− | CO32− |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H+ | HF | HCl | H2O | HNO3 | H2SO4 | H2CO3 |
| Li+ | LiF | LiCl | LiOH | LiNO3 | Li2SO4 | Li2CO3 |
| Na+ | NaF | NaCl | NaOH | NaNO3 | Na2SO4 | Na2CO3 |
| K+ | KF | KCl | KOH | KNO3 | K2SO4 | K2CO3 |
| NH4+ | NH4F | NH4Cl | NH4OH | NH4NO3 | (NH4)2SO4 | (NH4)2CO3 |
| Mg2+ | MgF2 | MgCl2 | Mg(OH)2 | Mg(NO3)2 | MgSO4 | MgCO3 |
| Ca2+ | CaF2 | CaCl2 | Ca(OH)2 | Ca(NO3)2 | CaSO4 | CaCO3 |
| Ba2+ | BaF2 | BaCl2 | Ba(OH)2 | Ba(NO3)2 | BaSO4 | BaCO3 |
| Al3+ | AlF3 | AlCl3 | Al(OH)3 | Al(NO3)3 | Al2(SO4)3 | — |
សរសេររូបមន្តដោយឆ្លងបន្ទុក៖ បន្ទុកអ៊ីយ៉ុងវិជ្ជមានក្លាយជាសន្ទស្សន៍អ៊ីយ៉ុងអវិជ្ជមាន និងផ្ទុយមកវិញ។ Build a formula by crossing over the charges: the charge on the cation becomes the subscript of the anion, and vice versa. Écrivez la formule en croisant les charges : la charge du cation devient l'indice de l'anion, et inversement.
តារាងភាពរលាយ និងថេរលំនឹង Solubility Rules & Equilibrium Constants Règles de solubilité et constantes d'équilibre
ចំណុចសំខាន់Key rulesRègles clés
- រលាយជានិច្ច៖Always soluble:Toujours soluble : Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, NO3−, CH3COO−.
- Cl−, Br−, I−: មិនរលាយជាមួយinsoluble withinsoluble avec Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+.
- SO42−: មិនរលាយជាមួយinsoluble withinsoluble avec Ag+, Pb2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ca2+ (រលាយតិចslightlypeu soluble).
- CO32−, PO43−: រលាយតែជាមួយsoluble only withsoluble seulement avec Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+.
- OH−, S2−: រលាយជាមួយsoluble withsoluble avec Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+.
តម្លៃថេរលំនឹងអាស៊ីត និងបាសAcid and base constants at 25 °CConstantes d'acidité et de basicité à 25 °C
| អាស៊ីតខ្សោយWeak acidAcide faible | Ka | បាសខ្សោយWeak baseBase faible | Kb |
|---|---|---|---|
| HF | 6.6 × 10−4 | NH3 | 1.8 × 10−5 |
| HNO2 | 7.2 × 10−4 | CH3NH2 | 4.4 × 10−4 |
| CH3COOH | 1.8 × 10−5 | C6H5NH2 | 4.6 × 10−10 |
| H2CO3 (Ka1) | 4.3 × 10−7 | C5H5N | 1.7 × 10−9 |
Ka × Kb = Kw = 1.0 × 10−14 · pH + pOH = 14
រូបមន្តគីមីសំខាន់ៗ Key Chemical Formulas Formules chimiques clés
ម៉ូល និងមាឌMoles and volumeMoles et volume
n = m / Mn = V / VMn = N / NA(NA = 6.02 × 1023)- STP (0 °C, 1 atm): VM = 22.4 L/mol
- RTP (25 °C, 1 atm): VM = 24 L/mol
PV = nRT(R = 8.314 J·mol−1·K−1)
កំហាប់សូលុយស្យុងConcentrationConcentration
Cm = m / VsC = n / Vs|C = Cm / MC1V1 = C2V2C% = (m / ms) × 100%pH = −log[H+]
អគ្គិសនី និងទិន្នផលElectrolysis & yieldÉlectrolyse et rendement
q = n × F(F = 96 500 C/mol)q = I × tds = ms / VsRd (%) = (mactual / mtheoretical) × 100%Ecell = E°cathode − E°anode
សក្តានុពលរេដុកស្តង់ដា (E°) Standard Reduction Potentials (E°) Potentiels de réduction standards (E°)
| គូអុកស៊ីដូ-រេដុកRedox pairCouple rédox | ប្រតិកម្មពាក់កណ្តាលHalf-reactionDemi-réaction | E° (V) |
|---|---|---|
| F2 / F− | F2 + 2e− ⇌ 2F− | +2.87 |
| MnO4− / Mn2+ | MnO4− + 8H+ + 5e− ⇌ Mn2+ + 4H2O | +1.51 |
| Cl2 / Cl− | Cl2 + 2e− ⇌ 2Cl− | +1.36 |
| O2 / H2O | O2 + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ 2H2O | +1.23 |
| Ag+ / Ag | Ag+ + e− ⇌ Ag | +0.80 |
| Fe3+ / Fe2+ | Fe3+ + e− ⇌ Fe2+ | +0.77 |
| Cu2+ / Cu | Cu2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cu | +0.34 |
| H+ / H2 | 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2 | 0.00 |
| Pb2+ / Pb | Pb2+ + 2e− ⇌ Pb | −0.13 |
| Fe2+ / Fe | Fe2+ + 2e− ⇌ Fe | −0.44 |
| Zn2+ / Zn | Zn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Zn | −0.76 |
| Al3+ / Al | Al3+ + 3e− ⇌ Al | −1.66 |
| Mg2+ / Mg | Mg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mg | −2.37 |
| Na+ / Na | Na+ + e− ⇌ Na | −2.71 |
| Li+ / Li | Li+ + e− ⇌ Li | −3.04 |
វិធានហ្គាម៉ាThe gamma ruleLa règle gamma
- E°1 > E°2 → Ox1 + Red2 → Red1 + Ox2
- អុកស៊ីដង់ខ្លាំងបំផុត ប្រតិកម្មជាមួយរេដុកទ័រខ្លាំងបំផុត។ The strongest oxidising agent reacts with the strongest reducing agent. L'oxydant le plus fort réagit avec le réducteur le plus fort.
គីមីសរីរាង្គ Organic Chemistry Chimie organique
បុព្វបទចំនួនNumber prefixesPréfixes numériques
- 1 Mono · 2 Di · 3 Tri
- 4 Tetra · 5 Penta · 6 Hexa
- 7 Hepta · 8 Octa · 9 Nona · 10 Deca
បុព្វបទអាល់កានAlkane stemsPréfixes des alcanes
- C1 Meth · C2 Eth · C3 Prop
- C4 But · C5 Pent · C6 Hex
- C7 Hept · C8 Oct · C9 Non · C10 Dec
- CnH2n+2 alkane · CnH2n alkene · CnH2n−2 alkyne
បង្គុំនាទីFunctional groupsGroupes fonctionnels
- Alkane C–C · Alkene C=C · Alkyne C≡C
- Alcohol R–OH · Ether R–O–R′
- Aldehyde R–CHO · Ketone R–CO–R′
- Carboxylic acid R–COOH · Ester R–COO–R′
- Amide R–CONH2 · Amine R–NH2
- Acyl chloride R–COCl · Anhydride (R–CO)2O
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